What is a "risk factor"?

A "risk factor" is defined as any attribute, characteristic, or exposure of an individual that increases the likelihood of developing a disease or injury. This concept is fundamental in public health and epidemiology because identifying risk factors helps in understanding the etiology of diseases and can guide prevention strategies. It encompasses various elements ranging from genetic predisposition to lifestyle choices, such as smoking or poor diet, which can elevate the probability of certain conditions, like heart disease or diabetes.

Understanding what constitutes a risk factor is crucial for healthcare professionals as it informs screening recommendations, public health policies, and individual health strategies. By addressing these factors through education, interventions, or environmental modifications, there can be a significant impact on individual and community health outcomes.